සිංහල ෙබා්ධිවංශය

'sisxy, fndaêjxYh úuiSfï§ tys rpkd ffY,sfha l%u lsysmhla y÷kd .; yel'

i. Y%jH f.dapr rgdj"

ii. j¾Kkd;aul ú,dih

iii. jd¾;d iajrEmh"

iv. §¾> jdlH fh§u"

v. flá jdlH Ndú;h"

vi. ixialD; jpk ñY% lfGdar iajrEmh""

vii. ir, isxy, jpk iys; iq.u nia jyr Ndú;h"

viii. Wmud u.ska fhÿï w,xldr lsÍu"

ix. ixjdo ffY,sh'

i. Y%jH f.dapr rgdj

merKs fmd; m; ,shejqfKa widf.k isg ri ú£ug ñi lshjd ri ú£ug fkdfõ' leue;af;ka wid  isáh yelafla ,iaikg yËk.d lshjk úg h' ,iaikg lshjkakg kï Bg .e,fmk NdId ú,dihlska fmd; rpkd ù ;sìh hq;= h' ta ksid w;S;fha fmd;a ,sùfï§ Y%e;sf.dapr rgdjla fyj;a Y%jH f.dapr rgdjla wkq.ukh lsÍu wjYH úh'^oka ms<s.ekajQ úg yduqÿrejreka lshjk mska jdlHh ieliS we;af;a fï rgdjg h'& isxy, fndaê jxYfha fuh ieliS we;s ieá n,uq'

“;j o" p;=¾ ffjYdrμ{dkfhka úYdro jQ" ldh n, oYhla yd {dk n, oYhla yd OrKfyhska oYn,OdÍ jQ" mQ¾j i¾j{jrhka msysáhdjQ ia:dkfhys msysáfyhska wdiNÜGdkÜGdhS jQ"ks¾NS; kdo mj;ajk fyhska isxykd§ jQ''''” ^oYn, mßks¾jdK l:d'&

fujeks mdG fndaêjxYfha iq,N h' fïjd lsishï ;d,hlg wkqj ,;djlg .dhkh l< yels h' ta ksid wikakdg lshk foa leue;af;ka wid isáh yel' tfia u ;d,hlg weo meo lshk úg flá ld,hla ;=< § jeä jpk m%udKhla lshfjkafka ke;' ta ksid wikakdg lshk foa fyd¢ka jgyd

.eksug ld,hla ,efnhs' ^ Tng o yels mßos fua jdlH weo meo ;d,hlg wkqj lshjkak'túg fuu ffY,sh .ek wjfndaOh jvd ;yjqre fõú'&fï i|yd my; i|yka lreKq o WmldÍ fjhs'

wkqm%di ndyq,Hh(-

tl u jf.a Yìo ks;r ks;r wefikakg ie,eiaùu wkqm%di fhoAuhs' fuh jeä jeäfhka fhÈu

wkqm%di ndyq,Hh fyj;a wkqm%di nyq,;djhs' by; .;a WodyrKfha „jQ‟ hkafkka wjika jk jdlH LKav jeäfhka fhdodf.k we;s nj Tng fmfkaú' fufia tl u yËla ks;r wefik úg tys ñysrla we;' fï n,kak"

“tys ljrlayq úiska .kakd ,oafoa o hkafkys O¾udfYdal rÊcqrejka úiska .kakd ,Èfoa h"ljrlayq úiska f.k tk ,oafoa o hkafkys ix>ñ;%d kï uyd ia:úÍka úiska f.k tk ,oafoa h"ljrlayq úiska msysgqjk ,oafoa o hkafkys fojk mE;siai rÊcqrejka úiska msysgqjk ,oafoah''''''”^oin, mßks¾jdK l:d'&

oS¾>dlaIr nyq,;dj()

“tl,ays uqla;dydrfhka isys,a jQ YÍr we;af;a ù kuq;a Y;%e ckhdg ;ejq,s lrkakd jQ"ks¾u, fYdaNd we;af;a ù kuq;a ls<sá lrk ,o Y;%e jks;djkaf.a uqL moau fYdaNdjka we;a;djQ"O¾udfYdal rcf;fï''' ” ^;D;Sh ix.S;s l:d&

fufia §¾>dlaIr jeäfhka fhdod .ekSu ksid o fmd; yËk.d lshjkakdg ;d,hlg weo meo lshùug myiq fjhs' tfia u th lkg ñysrla o fjhs'

ii. j¾Kkd;aul js,dih

my; i|yka mdGh úuid n,uq'

“idufKarhka jykafiaf.a O¾ufoaYkd keu;s o¾mK ;,fhys fmfkkakd jQ fmfkkakdjQ nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a O¾u keu;s YÍrh ±l'''” ^;D;Sh ix.s;s l:d&

fuh idudkH mßÈ lshkafka kï fufia h'

“idufKarhka jykafiaf.a O¾ufoaYkdj wid nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a O¾uh y÷kdf.k'''”tfia fkdlshd by; ±lajqKq l%uhg th bÈßm;a lsÍfuka jvd ,iaikg lshkakg l;=jrhd leu;s ù we;'

“os.= mq¿,a jQ ksYap, fka;% rYaóka jshoËq muK ;eka fydnjñka ''' ” (;D;Sh ix.S;s l:d)

úh oKavl muK ÿr n,ñka ^fyj;a fndfyda ÿr fkdn,d& hkak jvd ,iaikg lshQ ieáhs" ta'“m%ikak jQ .x.d keu;s wx.kdj úiska ;rx. keu;s yia;fhka fmKmsËq keu;s u,ska mqokq

,nkakdla jeks jQ fiala '''” (;D;Sh ix.S;s l:d)

.x.dfõ Èh/<sj,ska fmKmsËq bÈßhg ;,a¨ flfrk nj lshQ ieáhs" ta'

fï j¾Kkd;aul ú,dih ;j;a u|la úia;r jYfhka idlÉPd lruq'

“mqIam keu;s oka;fhka foúhka i;=gq lrjkakdjQ kkaofkdaμdkhg wmydi fldg m¨m;a keu;s w;ska le|jd ‘ud yd iujkakg ;df.a wdhdifhka m%fhdack ke;e’hs mlaIs kdofhka yd NDx. kdofhka .¾ckd lrkakdla jeks jQ''' ” ^uydúydr m%;s.%yK l:d&

Whfka u,a msmS ;snqfKa h hkak l;=jrhd lshkafka mqIam keu;s oka;fhka foúhka i;=gq lrkakd jQ hkqfjks' Whk ñksfils" Tyq foúhka foi iskdfiñka n,d isáhs" túg Tyqf.a o;a fmfka' ta o;a hkq u,a h' u,a keu;s o;aj,ska iskdfikafka h hkqfjka lS úg wfma is;g kef.k Ñ;a; rEmh fld;rï iqkaor ±hs is;d n,kak'

Whfkys l=re,af,da" nure" óueiafida isá;s" Tjqyq kdo kxj;s' l;=jrhd fuh olajkafka fufiah' fï Whk keu;s ñksid foúhkaf.a Whk jQ kkaok Whkg l;d fldg ud fuka ,iaik jkakg Tn .kakd W;aidyh ksIaM, h hkqfjka wNsfhda.hla lrhs' l=re,a,kaf.a yd nur óueiaikaf.a kdofhka lshfjkafka thhs'

fuu b;d ,iaik nj - foõ f,dj kkaok Whkg;a jvd ,iaik nj - lshQ fld;rï ,iaik±hs n,kak' hula j¾Kkd;aul j lSfï m%fhdackh fuhhs' fujeks tajd ldjHd;aul m%ldYk hhs lshuq' lúfhka fuka u fujeks m%ldYkj,ska o ri u;= flfrk neúks'

jd¾;d iajrEmh (

“ta ta ;ekays i;aldr iïudk fkd,nk Od;+ka jykafia nqÿkaf.a wêIaGdk n,fhka

i;aldr iñudk ,nk ;eklg jvkd fial' l,a h;a h;a yeu;ekays i;aldr iïudk fkdfõ'

tl,ays fï ,laÈj Od;+yq /iaj rejkaue,s od.ng jvkd fial'''' ” ^uydúydr m%;s.%yK l:d &

fuu jelsj, l,ska ÿgq jdlHfha fuka wuq;= lshuka fyda w,xldr ;sfí o@ ke;' lskakg ;sfnk ldrKh fl<ska u lshdf.k hduhs" flfrkafka' j¾Kkd l< hq;= ;ek j¾Kkd;aul j lshkakg;a tfia wjYH fkdfõ hhs is;=Kq ;ek jd¾;djla fuka fl<ska u bÈßm;a lrkakg;a l;=jrhd leu;s ù we;' ta u.ska rpkfha taldldÍ iajrEmh ke;s fldg Bg úúO;ajhla §ug l;=jrhd iu;a ù we;'

oS¾> jdlH (-

fmd; Yío k.d ;d,hlg weo meo lshùfï§ §¾> jdlH fh§u m%fhdackj;a fjhs' ta ksid merKs fmd; m; fndfyda ÿrg È. Jells fhdod .kq ±lsh yel' fndaêjxYh o tfia h'

 “w¨; iqKqjï lsÍfuka Oj, jQ fkdfhla m%didofhka ffl,dil+g m¾j; iuQyhla n÷ jQ" i÷ka

l¨je,a foõÿre ;=jr,d lmqre wd§ jQ iqj| i,ams,ska .kaOudok m¾j; m%dka;hla jeks jQ" weUq, Wmq, r;a fk¿ï t,fk¿ï iSksoao fnda,soao oEiuka imqu,a wd§ jQ u,a i,ams,ska yeul,ays u jika; iuhla jeks jQ''' ” (k.r m%fjY l:d)

fï jdlHh fu;ekska wjika fkdfõ'o< jYfhka jpk 190la muK Èla fjhs' Bg;a jvd È. jdlH o we;'

flá jdlH()

“fufia msgloajh msßyqKq l, úkh msglh yd cd;l u muKla Or;s' tys úkh msglh ,caÔyq u Or;s' ,dN leue;af;da cd;l u Or;s' Tjqyq o l,a h;a h;a cd;l Orkag wiu;a fj;s' tys m<uqfldg fjiaika;r cd;lh msßfyhs' blaì;s m%;sf,dau l%ufhka wmKaKl

cd;lh olajd u msßfyhs'''' ” ^uydúydr m%;s.%yK l:d&

os. jdlH yd ii|k l, fï jdlH fld;rï flá ±hs n,kak' fu;ek jdlH 6 ls' tfy;a tla È. jdlHhla ;rï j;a ke;'

lfGdar NdIdj()

isxy, fndaêjxYh lshjk l, wm uqyqK fok f,dl= u .eg¿jla jkafka tys tk jpk f;areï .ekSug wmyiq ùuhs'

“ ta i¾j{hka jykafia oajd;%sxYoajr uyd mqreI ,laIKfhka yd wYS;HkqjH[ackfhka yd fyì fiala kS, mS; f,days;djod; udxðIaG m%Ndiajrfhka úis;=re jQ fYdaNd we;s fiala''' ”

“wIagdx.fhka hqla; l=rùlkdo mrojkakdjQ n%yauf>daIhla n÷jq uOqriajr iuDoaëka o''' ”

“wdf,dalk jsf,dalk iïñ[ack midrKd§jQ iuDoaO B¾hdm:hka we;s''' ”

iuld,Sk j ms<sf.k mej;s ixialD; ;;aiu mo iys; NdId ú,dih fnddaêjxY l;=jrhd o w.h

l< nj fmfkhs' fï u.ska Tyq wfmalaId lrkakg we;af;a ,;djlg wkqj .dhkd lrkakdla fuka

lshúh yels ffY,shla Ndú; lsÍuhs' tfy;a fuh l;=jrhd olajk wfmalaIdj iu. fld;rï

.e,fmkafka o hkak m%Yakhls' lD;sh rpkd lsÍu ms<sn| wruqK m%ldY lsÍfï§ Tyq olajkafka

“ish¨ ckhkaf.a iqLdjfndaOh msKsi '''” fuh lrk njhs' tod isá ck;dj fuh fld;rï

myiqfjka f;areï .;a;d o hkak wmg m%Yakhls'

iq.u niajyr()

lfGdar NdId ffY,shla fndfyda ;ekaj, olakg ,enqK o ir, iq.u nila o tys ke;af;a

fkdfõ' “blaì;af;ka ta O¾udfYdal rcf;fï Wodikla fia ;=ka isjqre we;al| u;af;ys ;nd

miaúis hd<la iqj| yd mkaishhla iqj| u,a lrËq yd iu. ksf.%daO ia:úrhka jykafiag

ms<s.kajkqfldg hjkafka h' odj¨ÿ tfia u hjkafka h' iji o tfia u hjkafka h''' ”^;D;Sh

ix.S;s l:d&

ixialD; ;;aiu Yío u.ska flfrk lfGdar .;sh fuys ke;' ta ksid u lshùug o f;areï

.ekSug o myiq h'

Wmud iys; nj()

Wmudjla fhdokqfha lshk foh jvd fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s lsÍug h' tfia u th f,aLkh jvd;a

idrj;a lrkafka o fjhs'

“w÷re .nvdjlg jkaklayq fuka lsisjla i,ld .; fkdyS”

fuh ;D;Sh ix.S;s l:dfjys tk is.a.j ry;ka jykafia fud.a.,S l=udrhka f.ka m%Yakhla weiQ l, ta l=udrhdg ms<s;=rla fidhd .; fkdyels jQ nj fmkaùug fhdod.;a Wmudjls' nqÿ oyu ms<sn|j lsisjla fkdo;a l=udrhd w÷re ldurhl ;ks jQfjl= jekak' Tyqg lsis fohla fidhd .;

fkdyel'id¾:l Wmudjls'

 “uyd fndaêfhka lmd y< ms<s,a fuka ” ia:úr jdoh uyd fndaêh jekak" bka neyer jQ wksl=;a

ksldhka ms<s,a fuks' ms<s,h hkq .i jkik .fiys u uefok fohls' .i fírd .kakg kï ta

ms<s,hka lmd y, hq;= h' wksl=;a ksldhka nqÿ iiqk jkik nj;a nqÿ iiqk fírd .kakg kï tajd

bj;a l< hq;= nj;a lSug fï Wmudj b;d id¾:l fkdjkafka o@

“wfkalm%ldrjq ´,ïn l=iquoduhka judrkakdla jeks jQ ” by, isg my,g u,a oï t,af,k nj lsHQ ieáhs ta' judrkakdla jeks hhs lshk úg rislhd ;=< lsishï wm%ikak;djla we;s jkakg bv we;;a t,af,k nj lshkakg kï fuh jrola ke;'

“fY%da;dm;a;s M, keu;s w,xldrfhka iryd'''” fuh Wmudjla fkdj rEmlhls' ñys÷ ysñhka nKfoiQ l, th wjfndaO lr .;a wkq,d foaúh fidajdka jQjd h' l;=jrhd olajkafka th ñys÷ ysñhka

úiska u isÿ l< lghq;a;la njhs' th o wfma is;a .kakd whqßka jvd;a w,xldr f,i bÈßm;a l<

ieá wmQre fkdfõ o@

ixjdo ffY,sh()

;efkl fndaêjxYfha fofofkl= w;r flfrk ixjdohla o bÈßm;a fjhs'

“''' „lsfula o iajdóks " fï m%uod jkh iem ±’hs úpd< l,ays" „tfia h uyrÊcqrefjks" fï

WoHdkh Y%uKhka jykafiaf.a jdihg irema jkafka h’hs lS l,ays ta Whk ix>hdg m%fjKs fldg fokq leue;a;d jQ rÊcqrejka úiska „iajdóks" NslaIq ix>hd jykafiag wdrdu lem ±’hs úpd< l,ays „lem h uyrÊcqrefjks’'''”(m%:u ix.S;s l:d)

foajdkñ msh;siai rcq yf ñys÷ ysñhka w;r we;s jk ixjdohl fldgils' fï u.ska rpkd ffY,sfha taldldÍ nj ke;sfldg wikakdg myiqjla we;s lrhs' fï ;j;a ;ekls'

“iajdóks nqÿrcdKka jykai" fï kqU jykafia meka ikyk fõ,dj fkdfõ o@ kqU jykafia

NslaIQkag wjjdo fok fjq,dj fkdfõ o@ fï kqU jykafia isxy YhHdj lrk fõ,dj fkdfõ o@

fï kqU jykafia ±jgq ovq j<|k fõ,dj fkdfõ o@ hkd§ l%ufhka yvk fiala''' ” fofofkl= w;r we;sjk ixjdohla fkdfõ; wdkkao ysñhka ;ks j u lrk m%ldYhls' tfy;a bÈßm;a lr we;s wdldrh wkqj ixjdojl iajrEmh fmfka'fuh o n,kak'

# th ljrlayq úiska .kakd ,oafoa o hkafkys" O¾udfYdal rÊcqrejka úiska .kakd ,oafoa h"ljrlayq úiska f.k tj ,oafoa o hkafkys ix>ñ;%d kï uydia:úÍka úiska f.k tk ,oafoa h" ljrlayq úiska msysgqjk ,oafoa o hkafkys fojk mE;siai rÊcqrejka úiska msysgqjk ,oafoah'''$^oYn, mrsks¾jdK l:d&

ixjdohla fkdfõ; l;=jrhd u m%Yak k.ñka" ms<s;=re foñka lrk rpkhls' tys o ixjdo ffY,sh fmfka'fufia isxy, fndaêjxYfhys rpkd ffY,sfha úúO;ajhla wmg ±lsh yel' th lD;shgw,xldrhls'

fkdñ,fha msrsfjka wOHdmkh – www.eduLanka.LK

--- Online Test Papers – eduLanka Online education web site of Sri Lanka --- WWW.EDULANKA.LK

ie±ye is;a jvjk fndaêjxYh

YS% uyd fndaëka jykafia fn!oaOhkag w;s mQckSh jia;=jls' ta.ek ,shejqKq fndaêjxYh owd.ñl .%ka:hla fjhs' ta ksid u th úúO ;ekaj,§ rislhkaf.a is; ie±yefhka mqrjd,hs'

“;j o ta nqÿrcdKka jykafia W;=ï jQ mS%;s m%fudao jYhg meñKshdjQ i;a;ajhka úiska yd;amiska fhdÿka ishhla muK ;eka tal flda,dy, lrk fial'” ^oYn, mßks¾jdK l:d&

nqÿrcdKka jykafia hk hk ;ek wjg fhdÿka ishhla muK m%foaYfha isák ñksiaiq idÿldr fo;s';u Ydia;Djrhd fjkqfjka fujka Wmydrhla ,efnkafka hhs wikakg ,efnk tl;a fn!oaOfhl=g is;a ikid ,k lreKls' fuh wik Tyqf.a is; nqÿ ne;sfhka msÍhhs'

“úfkah ck keu;s nkaOQkag wuD; uyd ks¾jdK mqrfhys fodr yrkd fial'” nqÿrcdKka jykafia i;ajhkag ksjka wjfndaOh msKsi O¾u foaYkd lrk nj fufia lSfuka lshuk jvd;a rij;a fjhs' tmuKla fkdfõ; nqÿrcdKka jykafia ;uka jykafia u bÈßm;a ù ksjka mqr fodr

yßkjd hhs lSfuka nqÿrcdKka jykafia fld;rï ÿrg ñksiqkg wdorh lrkafka ±hs wikakdf.ais; l=< yeÕSula we;s fõ' tys mq;sM,h jkafka Tyqf.a is; nqÿ ne;sfhka msÍ hduhs'

“fï ckaufhys wê.uhg fkdmeñfKkakd jQ momru i;ajhkag iaj¾.f,dalhg kef.kakg ioaO¾u keu;s ysK olajk fial'”

nqÿrcdKka jykafia fld;rï lreKdjka; ±hs n,kak' ;ukajykafiaf.a O¾uh wjfndaO lr.; yels wh flfrys wdorh lsÍu mqÿuhla fkdfõ' ta ;u wruqKg Tjqka wkql+, jk neúks'

tfia fkdjkakka w;ayer ±óu nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a isß; fkdfõ' Tjqkag o Wojqjla Wkajykafia lr;s' ta iaj¾.f,dalhg hdug Wojq lsÍuhs' ta lshkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dalfhaish¨ u fokdg tl fia wdorh l< nj fkdfõ o@ fuh wikúg fn!oaOhdg Wka jykafia ms<sn|j ne;snr is;la we;sùu mqÿuhla o@

“p;=iai;HdjfndaOhg ksis jQ mqÿ.,hka ±k uydldYHm ia:úߧka msKsi ;=ka .õjla muK ;ekays o" wx.=,sud, wd,jld§ka i|yd ;sia fhdokla muK ;ekays o" mqlal=id;s rdcd§ka i|ydmkaid<sia fhdokla muK ;ekays o"''' ksrka;r YS>% pdßld lrk fial'”

^oYn, mßks¾jdK l:d&

f,dal i;ajhdf.a hym; msKsi nqÿrcdKka jykafia fld;rï ÿrg ;uka jykafiaf.a ld,h"Y%uh lem l< fiala o@ ;uka jykafia <Õg tk flfkl=g msysg ùu wuq;a;la fkdfõ' tfy;a wkqkaf.a iqjh m;d Tjqka fidhd .õ .Kka" fhdÿka .Kka" .ñka .ug" k.rfhka k.rhg muKla fkdj ráka rgg o jevu l< ieá l;=jrhd olajk úg ta .ek is; fufyhjk fn!oaOhd ;=<

wiSñ; Nla;shla we;s fkdjkafka o@

ÿgq.euqKq rcq rejkaue,s uy iEfhys Od;= ksOdk lrk ojfia nqÿrcdKka jykafia fkdj Wkajykafiaf.a YdÍßl Od;+ka jykafia ±lajQ m%d;syd¾hhka .ek l;=jrhd È. j¾Kkhla uyd úydrm%;s.%yK l:dfjys lrhs' Od;+ka jykafia wyig mek keÕ hud uy fm<yr ±lajQ ieá" ijkla nqÿ/ia m;=rejd f,dalh wdf,dalj;a l< ieá" kej; noaO fõIh yer Od;= lrËqj ;=<g msúis ieá"

wikúg ie±yej;=kaf.a is; ;=< nqoaOd,ñnk m%S;sh fo.=K f;.=K fjñka ke. ths' bka miq rcqf.a wêIaGdkh mßÈ kej; Od;+ka jykafia nqoaOfõYh f.k " iq.; Öjrh ye|" máOd;=j ne|"nqÿrÿkaf.a isrer fia u nn<ñka" msßksjka uxplfhys ie;mqKq wdldrh wik lshjk flfkl= ;=<

nqÿrÿkaf.a Od;+ka jykafia fu;rï iu;a kï cSjudk nqÿrcdKka jykafia fld;rï wdkqNdj we;s flfkl= ±hs uy;a Nla;sfhka is;hs' fï yeu ;ekl§ u l;=jrhd b;d iq¿ isoaëka mjd úia;rlrkafka tla tla isoaêh fjk fjk u Y%djlhdf.a isf;ys we| ;eìughs' ta u.ska ta ta mshjrla mdid ie±yej;df.a isf;a nqÿ isrer

w¢hs' wef|k wef|k rejla rejla mdid Tyqf.a is; nqÿ ne;sfhka

mskd hhs'

;j;a fufjks lreKq Od;ajd.uk l:dfjka yuq fjhs' tys i|yka mßÈ Od;+ka jykafia jevujk wjia:dfõ rcq is;+ wdldrfhka u lsisfjl=f.a fufyhùula ke;sj we;= msg ;snQ Oj,ÉP;%h mfilg we, ù"' uÕ=,e;= ìu oK.id Od;+ka jykafia we;= msg ;nk úg u we;d l=[apkdo lf<a h' fmdl=re jeis jegqfka h" uyfmdf<dj lïmd úh' lsisfjl=f.a fufyhùula ke;sj u we’d :Qmdrduh msysgk

;ekg .sfha h' tfy;a Od;+ka jykafia ìug ndkakg bv ÿkafka ke;' fï ish,a, Od;+ka jykafiaf.a wdkqNdjfhks' od.efnys Od;+ka jykafia ;ekam;a lrk wjia:dfõ o Od;+ka jykafia m%d;syd¾h mEfial' fï wisßu;a foa .ek isys lrk úg ie±yejf;l=f.a is; nqÿ ne;sfhka mskd hdu .ek ljrkï l:d o@

oqñkaod.uk l:dfjys nqÿrÿkaf.a wêIaGdk myla .ek lshfjhs'

i. O¾udfYdal rcq fndaê YdLdjla .kakg .sh l, fndaê YdLdj lsisfjl=f.a fufyhùula ke;sj

u rka lgdyfhys msysáh hq;= h'

ii. ta YdLdfõ fld< yd f.äj,ska muKla /ia úysÈh hq;= h'

iii. fndaêYdLdj j<d .eng je§ i;shla isáh hq;= h'

iv. :Qmdrdufha Od;= ;ekam;a lrk Èk Od;+ka jykafia wyig mek ke.S hud uy fm<yr ±laúh

hq;= h'

v. rejkaue,s iEfhys Od;= ;ekam;a lrk Èkfha Od;+ka jykafia nqÿ isrer ujd hud hy fm<yr

±laúh hq;= h'

fï wêIaGdkhka tfia u isÿ jk nj o l;=jrhd úia;r lrhs'

YS% uyd fndaëka jykafia jevujoa§ o oUÈjÈ ±lajQ wisßj;a fm<yr" fuys jevujoa§ uqyqfoa r<ikaiqka ùu" fk¿ï u,a msmSu" foúhka úúO mQfcdamydr meje;aùu" kd.hka uejQ wkaOldrhix>ñ;%djka úiska ÿre lrkq ,eîu" kd.hska ix>ñ;%djkaf.ka fndaëka jykafia b,a,df.k f.dia i;shla mqo mQcd meje;aùu wdÈ wisßu;a foa o fndaêjxYfhys úia;r fjhs'

fufia isxy, fndaêjxY l;=jrhd fï wisßu;a foa fufia Wiia whqßka úia;r lrkafka wehs@

fndaêjxYh rpkd lrkafka ie±yej;=kaf.a ie±ye jvjd ,Sug jk neúks' fndaêjxYh wd.ñl .%ka:hla jqj o wNsO¾u .%ka:hla fkdfõ' .eUqre nK úia;r lsÍula l;=jrhdf.a wruqKg iïnkaOfkdfõ' Tyq wfmalaId lrkafka idudkH ck;dj fndÿ ne;sfhka mskjd uyd úydr mrmqf¾ wkq.dñl ixLHdj jeä lr .ekSughs'

idudkH Ôú;fhaÈ wm w;a olskafka ke;s" idudkH flfkl= úiska l< fkdyels wisßu;a fm<yrúia;r lsÍu u.ska Tyq n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka idudkH Y%djlhd úYauhg m;a lrùfuka Tyq ;=<

jeä ne;snr njla we;slr .; yelshs'

  

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fndaêjxYh idys;H .%ka:hls'

fn!oaO mQckSh jia;=jl b;sydih lshd mEfï wruqKlska ,shejqK o isxy, fndaêjxYh idys;H .%ka:hla jYfhka w.h lsÍfï wmyiqjla ke;' th imqrd u wd.ñl idys;H .%ka:hls' tfia u f,!lsl idys;H .%ka:hla jYfhka o ie,lSug m%udKj;a lreKq o tys wvx.= fjhs' msßksjka mE nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a YS% foayh ms<sn| wdodykd§ lghq;= wjika lr úydrhg meñKs wdkkao ysñhka ms<sn| fï m%ldYh n,kak' 

iajdóks" nqÿrcdKka jykai" fï kqU jykafia meka ikyk fõ,dj fkdfõ o@ fï kqU jykafia NslaIQkag wjjdo fok fõ,dj fkdfõ o@ fï kqU jykafia isxy YhHdj lrkakdjQ fõ,dj fkdfõ o@ fï kqU jykafia ±jgq oËq j<|k fõ,dj fkdfõ o@ hkd§ lqufhka yËk fiala''' ^m%:u ix.S;s l:d& 

mshdf.a úfhdafjka ÿlg m;a mqf;l=f.a ú,dmhla fkdfõ o fï@ ish mshdf.a úfhda.fha ÿl" ta ksid we;sjk ;kslu yd ta mokï fldg we;sjk ÿl jeäfhka u ±fkkafka wjuÕ=,a lghq;= wjika fldg kEishhka ksfjiska kslau f.dia ksjfia ;ksj fjfik úg h' wdkkao ysñhkag o tfia h' ±ka úydrh md¿ h'nqÿrÿka yuqjg tod msñKs ck .x.dj wo ke;' wdkkao ysñhkag tod ;snqKq ld¾h nyq,;ajh o wo ke;' ta ksid ;ksj fjfik ysñhkag nqÿrÿka mßyrKh l< hï hï foa ±lSfuka úfhda ÿl ;Èka ±fka' ta ;;ajh wfma is;g o ÿlla kxjñka l;=jrhd bÈßm;a lrk by; mdGfhka uekúka ksrEmKh fkd jkafka o@ tys fhdod.;a jpk ud,dj yd bÈßm;a flfrk woyia rislhdf.a is; lïmkhg m;a lrk iq¨ h' fujeks ld¾hhla isÿ flfrkafka idys;H .%ka:hlska ñi wka ljrlska o@ 

“wd¾hud¾. keu;s fmdl=Kys .e,S" ud¾.{dk keu;s c,fhka flf,ia keu;s u< fidaOd" Nh ,Êcd keu;s i¿ ye|" is,a keu;s iqj| ú,jqka .,ajd" w¾y;aM, keu;s wdNrKfhka ieriS" mxp úuqla;s kï u,aoñ me<|" i;r Roaêmdo keu;s ñßjeä mh ,d" ks¾jdK keu;s mqrhg jeo" O¾u keu;s m%didohg ke.S" ksjkakeu;s udf,a fjfiñka" Ñ;aff;l.%;d iemfhka hq;= j jikafka h'” 

fuh ffp;H.sßúydr m%;s.%yK l:dfjys wßÜG l=urekaf.a meúoao .ek lshk mdGhls' wd¾h ud¾.hg msúi hkak l;=jrhd olajkafka wd¾hud¾. keu;s fmdl=fKys .e,S fyj;a tu fmdl=fKka kd hkqfjks' kEfuka mqoa.,hd msßisÿ fjhs' tfia msßisÿ ùu l;=jrhd olajkafka ud¾.{dk keu;s c,fhka flf,ia u< fidaOd hkqfjks' kEfuka miq f.dvg tk mqoa.,hd i¿ms<s ye|.kS' th l;=jrhd olajkafka Nh ,Êcd keu;s i¿ ye| hkqfjks' Wla; mdGh mqrd u we;af;a tu j¾Kkd;aul iajrEmhhs' fujeks j¾Kkd;aul ú,dihla wmg ±lsh yelafla idys;H .%ka:hl u h'

“Yr;a ld,fhys pkaøuKav,h fia W;=ï is;al¨ jQ uqj uËq,q we;a;S" iqmsms ks¨mq,a n÷ jQ os.= mq¿,a jQ weia we;a;S" flïm, fia r;a jQ wOrm,a,j we;a;S" udKslHuh jQ l=Kav,dNrKfhys ulruh jQ m;%Nx.fl<jr rYaóka myrKd ,o lfmda, we;s neúka l¾Km,a,j iys; jQjdla jeks jQ uqL fYdaNdfhka nn<kakS" rkajka jQ YÍr we;a;S'''” ^k.rm%fjY l:d& 

fuys i|yka lshuka u|la úuid n,uq' wkq,d foaúhf.a uqyqK ir;a ld,fha i| fuka W;=ï h; is;al,q h. tkï th ne,Sug iqkaor jia;=jls' weia msmqKq uyfk,a u,a fuks" tfia u tajd È.= h" mq¿,a h' ldka;djlf.a ks,a uyfk,a n÷ È.= mq¿,a fk;a iÕ,la isys lrk risl is; ;=< we;s úh yels yeÕSï ms<sn| j u|la is;d n,kak' tmuKla fkdfõ" wef.a lïuq,g lfkys me<¢ wnrKj, fi,fjk m;%j,ska ksl=;a jk ldka;sh je§u ksid uqyqK;a fYdaNdfhka nn<hs' tfia u wef.a isrer rkajka h' fujka j¾Kkhla ieneúka u ldka;d isrer flfrys wikakdf.a is; weoaoùfï .;sfhka hqla; h' <dul is;la we;s flfkl= kï tjka rEmhla isf;a ujdf.k tys ri ú¢k uÜgulg m;a úh yels ;rï h' fujka j¾Kkd y÷kajkq ,nkafka Y%ex.drd;aul rifhka hq;= tajd f,i h' Y%ex.drd;aul j¾Kkd we;af;a fldys o@ idys;H .%ka:j, h' “mqIam keu;s oka;fhka foúhka i;=gq lrkakd jQ ” fï kkaok Whk .ek lshq lshukls' u,a keu;s o;a j,ska foúhka i;=gq lrjk hk lshuk ms<sn|j u|la is;kak' .ia keu;s mqoa.,fhda ish u,a keu;s o;a foúhka fj; fmkajñka iskd fi;s' kslug;a u,a foi n,k úg wmg fmfkkafka u,a wm foi iskdfiñka n,kakd fia h' ta ixl,amkh fhdod.eksu ksid fï o¾Ykh wmf.a is;a mskùug iu;a fkdjkafka o@ fujka is;al¨ iqkaor fhÿï wm olskafka idys;H .%ka:j, h' 

“ukaoudre;fhka lïmdjkakd jQ ;reK jQ" r;a jQ" fldau, jQ" m,a,j keu;s yia;fhka le|jd NDx. kdofhka" ‘ioaO¾ujr pl%j¾;S jQ nqoqrcdKka jykafiaf.a mq;%fhks" fldhs hjq o@ fufia tj" wmf.a YS% iuDoaêh wkqNj lrj’hs lshkakdla jeks jQ ,shÕkka úiska msßjrk ,ÿj'''” ^uydúydr m%;s.%yK l:d& 

ñys÷ uy ry;ka jykafia uyd úydrfhys f,dajd uyd mdh msysgqjk ;ekg jäk úg wjg msysá u,a .ia yd je,a Wka jykafia we;=¿ NslaIQka jykafiag l;d fldg ta .ia je,a j, iqkaor;ajh ú¢kakg lrk wdrdOkdjla fuhska wmg isysm;a lrjhs' „ioaO¾ujr pl%j¾;S nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a mq;%fhks" fldhs hjq o@ fufia tj’ fï l;d lrkafka ljq o@ Whfka ;sfnk .ia h' ys;a ms;a ke;s je,aj,g mK § ta je,a l;d lrk f,ila isysm;a lrk fï lshuk fld;rï w¾:j;a o@ ñys÷ ysñhka we;=¿ O¾u¥; msßfia meñKSu ksid fidnd oyu mjd i;=gg m;a jQ njla fka o" fï jHx.fhka lshkafka @ fï je,aj, o¨ yd fld, iq<Õg fi,fjhs' l;=jrhd th olskafka w; jkd ;uka <Õg le|jkakdla f,isks' fld;rï ,iaik lshukla o@ fujka jHx.d¾:j;a lshuka u.ska rij;a woyia bÈßm;a flfrkafka idys;H .%ka:hlska ñi b;sydi .%ka:hlska j;a O¾u .%ka:hlska j;a fkdfõ; idys;H .%ka:hlsks'

fufia úuid n,k l, wmg lsj yels jkafka isxy, fndaêjxYh ljr wruqKlska rpkd l<;a th idys;Huh jákdlula we;s .%ka:hla njhs'

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fn!oaO O¾u .%ka:hla jYfhka

isxy, fndaêjxYfha w.h

Y%S uyd fndaëka jykafiaf.a jevuùu wruqKq fldg ilia lrk ,oaols" isxy, fndaêjxYh'

tjka .%ka:hla wksjd¾hfhka u wd.ñl lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu iajdNdúl h' tjeks wd.ñl lreKq t<s olajk O¾u .%ka:hla jYfhka isxy, fndaêjxYh fld;rï ÿrg jeo.;a fjhs o@ úuid n,uq'

O¾u .%ka:hl wruqKq w;r

ž Y%djlhkaf.a isf;ys Y%oaOdj j¾Okh lsÍu" ž 

   O¾u lreKq f.kyer ±laùu"

ž wd.ñl b;sydih úoyd ±laùu jeks lreKq 

                                              ±lshyels fjhs'

“ ta i¾jzhka jykafia oajd;%sxY;ajr uyd

mqreI,laIKfhka yd wYS;HkqjH[ackfhka yd fyì fiala; kS, mS; f,days;djod; udxðIaG m%Ndiajrfhka úis;=re jQ fYdaNd we;s ''' i|j,dfhka yd foõÿkafkka yd úÿ,sfhka yd jg lrk ,o

iaj¾K m¾j;hla fuka o" ;uka jykafiaf.a YS% iuDoaëka ish¨ f,dalh taldf,dal lrkfiala''' ”^oYn, mßks¾jdK l:d&

 nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a YÍrh tfia fufia tllafkdfõ" tys fo;sia uyd mqreI ,laIK yd wiQjla wKq ,l=Kq we;' fï ,laIK msysgkafka w;sYhskau W;a;uhkag h' ta lshkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafia w;sYh W;a;ufhl= nj fka o@ nqÿrcdKkajykafia ms<sn| j Y%djlhdf.a is; ;=< uy;a ne;snr yeÕSula fï ksid we;s fkdjkafka o@ ta

nqÿrcdKka jykafia kS, mS;d§ ijKla /ia m;=rejk fial' th ikaOHd j,d yd foõÿkqj,ska w,xldr jQ rka m¾j;hla fuks' r;a;rka lkaola foõÿkq yd ikaOHd m,d j,ska w,xldr jqKq úg

fld;rï w,xldr jkafka o@ fï jeks rEmhla isf;a ujd .kakd ie±ye;s Y%djlhd nqÿrcdKkajykafia ms<sn| we;slr .kakd ne;snr is; fln÷ fõ o@ Wka jykafia Wmud lrkafka rka lkaolg

h' lkaola hkq úYd, jia;=jls' nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a uyd m%;dmj;a nj Y%djl is;g we;=¿lsÍug l;=jrhd fï fhdod.;a Wmudj w;aYhska id¾:l h' fï u.ska Tyq W;aidy lrkafka Y%djl

isf;a ie±ye jeãug fkdfõ o@

nqÿrÿka i;= p;=¾ ffjYdroH{dk" oin,OdÍ nj" iuHla iïnqoaO nj jeks .=K rdYshla

oYn, mßks¾jdK l:dfjys u

±lafjhs' úfgl nqÿrÿkaf.a rEm ldhfhys iqúfYaI;ajh;a" ;j;aúfgl Wkajykafiaf.a O¾uldhfhys

iqúfYaI;ajh;a f.kyermdñka l;=jrhd nqÿrÿka flfrys wm isf;a Nla;sh ±kùug lghq;= lrhs'

tfia u nqÿrcdKka jykafia oyï foiSu i|yd mqoa.,hka fidhd fhdÿka ish .Kka ÿr .uka l<

ieá fuka u tai|yd ;uka jykafia i;= Roaêh Ndú; l< ieá m%ldY lrk l;=jrhd tla w;lska

nqoaOdkqNdjh;a" nqÿrÿka i;= lreKdfõ uysuh;a lshdmdñka wm isf;a Nla;sh ÈhqKq ;shqKq lrjhs' ta

ie±ye jvjk whqrehs'

YS% uyd fndaëka jykafiaf.a YdLdjla .kakg O¾udfYdal rcq .sh wjia:dfõ§ isÿ jQ fm<yr .ek

is;kak' YS% uydfndaëka jykafiaf.a l|;a ol=Kq YdLdj;a yer wka fldgia fkdfmkS .sfha h' rcqf.a

wêIaGdkh;a iu. olaIsK YdLdj bfí u is£ rka lgdyfhys msysáfha h' fndfyda fm<yr isÿ

úh'ñksiqka fkdñksiqka muKla fkdj wÔù foa mjd ta wjia:dfõ kdo kxjñka mQcd meje;aù h'

fujeks foa È.ska È.g u úia;r lrñka fndaêjxY l;=jrhd W;aidy lrkafka fndaëka jykafia

flfrys wm is; ;=< Nla;sh we;s lrùug h' nqÿrÿka mßfNda. l< jia;=jg fu;rï wdkqNdjhla we;a

kï ta nqÿrÿka i;=j fld;rï wdkqNdjhla we;a o@ wm is;g kxjk is;=ú,a, thhs'

m<uqjeks O¾u ix.dhkdj ms<sn| j úia;r lrk l;=jrhd úkh yd iQ;% msgl fofla u úúO

lreK fláfhka jqj;a olajhs; fojeks O¾u ix.dhkdj .ek lSfï§ oY wlem jia;= ms<sn| j úia;r

olajhs; iuyr úfgl oyï lreKq f.kyer olajñka Bg wod< md<s mdG mjd olajhs; ta u.ska jeä

hula bf.kSug wm is;a fmd<Ujhs'

uyd úydr m%;s.%yK l:dfõ tk Ydik wka;¾Odkh ms<sn| úia;rh fuys ,d w.h l< yels

;eka w;r ;j;a ;ekls' tys YS,h fuka u O¾uh ms<sn| lshk lreKq ljrla jqj;a O¾uh ms<sn| j wfma is; fufyhjk iq¨ h' Ydik mßydKsh ms<sn| j lshk lreKq fndfyda .%ka:j, olakg ke;s foah' ta u.ska Ydikfha wkd.;h .ek fidhkafkl=g fuka u iiqk msßyqKq l,l iiqfka w;S; iajNdjhúuik flfkl=g o fndfyda oyï lreKq bf.k.kakg u. i,iajhs' oyï lreKq úia;r jkafka O¾u .%ka:hlsks' ta ksid isxy, fndaêjxYh o O¾u .%ka:hls'

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 isxy, ikafoaY lúhd ÿgq wfma iudch'

isxy, idys;Hhg ikafoaY hkqfjka wx.hla tl;= lsrSfï wruqK u foaYSh mrsirh j¾Kkd lsrSfï leue;a; hhs is;ñ' w;S;fha mej;s iïm%odh wkqj moHlrejkg foaYSh mrsirh .ek l;d lrkakg ,enqKq wjia:d wvq h' .%ka: lrKh wd.u uq,aa lr.;a;la jQ neúks' iuyr .oH .%ka:hl foaYSh f;dr;=re we;=<;a jqj o ie,lsh hq;= ;rfï mrsir j¾Kkdjlg tys bvla fkdù h' tfy;a .ïfmd< uhQr ikafoaYfhka werfUk ikafoaYdj,sh fï ld¾hh uekúka bgq lf<a h' wfma .fï fj,a hdh" wfma j;=msá" wfma uqyqÿ fjr<" wfma mkai,a yd tajdfha jev isá h;sjreka wdoS fndfyda foa t;=<ska wms olsuq' bosrsm;a lrk ks¾udKd;aul ú,dih ksid wms thska uy;a wdiajdohla o ,nuq' idys;Hfha m%Odk wruqK úh hq;af;a ri ckkh lsrSu jk neúka ikafoaY lref.a fï W;aidyh fjfiiska w.h l< hq;= h' “mefihs ksn| iqj|e,a fl;a j;a wjg wefihs <ud jiq meáhka yË ÿrg” - (yxi) meiqKq fl;a hdh;a" jiqmeáhkaf.a yË;a wmg isys .kajkafka l=ula o@ wfma .uhs" .fï isrshdjhs' “wefihs lshk ri .s ,sh ;=äka ;=äka osfihs nisk .j ó r< läka läka mefihs rejg l< fl;a j;a f.däka uäka f;dfihs t.u ÿg ta jEnäka jäka” -(yxi) wfma .fï isrsh" wfma iñm; ikafoaYlrejd wmg isysm;a lr fohs' jiqmeáhka iuÕ ÿj mek kgd fi,a,ï l<" l=Uqf¾ úúO wjia:djkays ck .S .hñka jev l< f.ú,shka ÿgq" mSfok - mefik f.dhug wdof¾ l<" ta f.dhu iuÕ l;d nia l< wmg lúhdf.a fuu lshuk wm is;a ;=< w;S; iqkaor u;lhka w¨;a lrhs'

l=Uqr ieu ikafoaYlrejl=g u mdfya fyd|ska fmkqKq fohls' ;sird mÕ=rka fj,a t,ssfha uqjka o olS'^32& mfrúhd olskafka mÕ=rka fj,a t,sh wjg jkfha u,a ;U j;=rg jefgk ieá;a uÕ=rka tajd ld iekfik ieá;a h'^110& ie,<sysKshd wiajka .=re¿flf;ys kka whqrska ieriqKq f.ú,shka lS%vd lrk ieá ^38& olsk w;r fldals,hd o mÕ=rka fj,a t,sfha fk;a is;a jYS lrk ldka;djka olS'^49& “.srjqka ;=äka u;= jk fjfyi is;ñfka bisñka l|q¿ isá ;ek isg ;efjk fufka mjkska f,f,k bi bi msks ì|qka f.fka msÕ=jka lr,a ;=vq keñ we,a fl;=ÿ fmfka” ^;sir 118& ìug keuqKq ù lr,aj, /|qKq mskak ìkaÿ ìkaÿ ìug jefÜ' túg ù lr,a wËkakd jeks h' wehs fï wËkafka@ bosrsfhaoS .srjqka meñK ;uka lvdf.k hk neúks' .srjqkaf.ka jk mSvdj isys jk úg ìï n,df.k wËkq úkd wirK ù lr, l=ula lrkak o@ we,a flf;ys isrshdfjka yd pu;aldrfhka fudaykh jqKq lúhd f.a fï lú ixl,amkfhka rij;a jk rislhdg fï lshuk;a" thsska uefjk o¾Ykh;a ljod wu;l fõ o@ f.dúhdg .jhd iïm;ls' ta ksid Tyq .jhka we;s lf<a rxpq jYfhks' je,sfõrsfhaoS .j ó r<kaf.a kdoh yxihdg wefikafka ;+¾h kdohla fuks'^151& fï .j rxpq miqmi hñka Tjqka fufyhjñka ;K leùu lf<da f.dm¨ orefjda fyda f.dm¨ ,sfhda h' fudjqk;=rska if|ia lùkaf.a weig ,lajqfKa f.dm¨ ,shka muKls' fï f.dm¨ ,shkaf.a yeá mfrúhd olskafka fufia h' “lñka ;,d .s,s ye,s mx.ka keáh ,jka meyeh l< ú,iska .=re ueáh jika uq.=re fkdmy, okskqv isáh fujka f.dm¨ wÕkka ol= fmd;= msáh” (mfrú - 53) fï f.dm¨ wÕfkda nq,;aúg fjkqjg ;,d fld," .sksue,a, fmd;= yd mx.ka keá ld lg r;= lrf.k isáfhda h' j,a le,E Tiafia yrl=ka iu. hkakg jk ksid we|s j; oKysfika Wvg flá lr ye|.;af;da h' fïjd ienE .eñ ,shkaf.a ,laIK hs' .srjd fmd;=msáfhaoS ^75& yd ;sirhd fudrgq t,sfhaoS ^83& fuu f.dm¨ ,shka oel we;'

isxy,hd ljo;a .ig je,g we¨ï lf<a h' .iska je,ska we;s m%fhdack oek isáfha h' fï ksid wfma .ï ìï fndfyda fihska .iska je,ska msrS mej;sfha h' yxihd tlg weuqKqjdla fuka we;s fl;a j;a j;=msá muqKqfõoS olS'^123& le<Ks fjfyr je| hk yxihd le,Ks .x fomi /|qKq j,dl=¿ fia jQ fmd,aj;= olS'^121& “ksn| meiS m, ,U fok ñysrU h iqj| úyso isá ú,sl=ka leka rU h”(yxi 158) fï lEr.,oS yxihd ÿgq o¾Ykhls' fuys oelafjk wU .ia yd rU leka wfma mrsirfha wmg fnfyúka ióm foa h' “nka fka urd ñKs ÿ, mn¨ uq;= mg jekafka .uUq f.f, m, u,a l=uql=jg” - (ie,<sysKs 39) fjf<|f.dv keu;s .u ldka;djls' wef.a f.f,ys uq;= ud,hla ne| we;' th fkdfhla url; udKslH yd mn¿ j,ska w,xldr fõ' fï ud,h kï l=ula o@ .fuys jeù we;s mqjla jeáhhs' ri yeÕSula is;g kxjkakg lúhd fhdod .;af;a o .fuys jefjk mqjla .ihs' ;sirlrejdg fmd,a .i iqofkls' ^64moHh& iqofkda ;uka fj;g meñKkakka fyd|ska i;m;s; fjfyi ksj;s; lEfuka îfuka ix.%y lr;s' tfia u iaÓr idr .;s we;af;da h' fmd,a .i o tfia h' th ;uka fj; meñKshjqkag fijk foñka fjfyi ksjhs; f.äfha mekska yd uofhka Tjqkg lEu îu imhhs' tfia u t .i iaÓr idr .=Kfhka o hq;= h' fufia wfma .ïj, jejqKq .y fld, o ikafoaY lúfhda ish ksuejqï i|yd fnfyúka fhdod .;ay' ck;d wd¾Ólh .ek l;d lroaoS f.dú;ek .ek fuka u fj<|du .ek o ikafoaYlrefjda wmg f;dr;=re fy,s lr;s' ie,<sysKsfha^39& fuka u yxifha^72& o oelafjk fjf<|f.dv fj<|du .ek m%isoaO .ula jkakg we;' .d,af,a Wvq;, kï fjf<| ùÓhl fjf<| .eyeKqkaf.a flda,dy,h .ek ;sirh^50& i|yka lrhs' .srdfjys fldaï .ia fijfka fkdjákd ñ,g nvq úl=Kk fj<kaoshka .ek ^60& i|yka fõ' .d,af,a i,ams,aj, rka ñKs uq;= ù hhs mfrúfha^84& oelafjk i|yk o foúkqjr kjrejka msreKq i,ams,a ù hhs mfrúfha ^158& oelafjk i|yk fjf<|dfï ireidr nj lshd mdhs' je,s.ïmgqkg hk mfrúhdg b;d Okj;a fjf<kaoka ^103& fmkajk if|ialrejd Tjqkaf.a lmálï o ^104& mfrúhdg myod fohs' yxifha i|yka jk mrsos chj¾Ok mqrfha ùos fomi iqj| úysok i,ams,a ù h'^^23& ta lshkafka ldka;djka i|yd iqj| j¾. nyq, jYfhka úlsKqKq njhs'

ikafoaaY ,shefjk iufha wfma rfÜ ljqrekq;a mdfya .uka .sfha mhsks' md .uk fndfyda fjfyilr h' fï ksid mhska hkakkaf.a úvd ksjd .ekSug u. wi, msysá uy .ia msysg úh' jEnv miq lrk ;sirdg tfia ñksiqka úvd ksjd .kakg fhdod .kakd fldfydU .ila ^106& yuq fjhs' háhk me;a;g hk .srjd o tjeks fldaï .ia fijkla ^60& olS' Tyq tys fkd kej;S hhs' wdikakfha isák fjf<| .eyeKqka iqNdrïuKhla fkdjqKq neúks' fufia .ia hg kjd;eka .kakd ñksiqkaf.a m%fhdackh ;ld iuyr ;ekl wïn,ï bos ù ;snqKs' tjeks o¾YkSh wïn,ula .ek ;sirh i|yka lrhs' ^33& ta liremamd wïn,uhs' tf.dv ùosh miqlrk yxihd Woh osjdlr ue;s|qka úiska lrk ,o wñn,ula ^67& olS' mfrúhd;a"^107& ie,<sysKshd;a^33& hk fo fokd u j,a wïn,u ols;s' je,sf;dg .ug hk .srjd wïn,ula <Õ .fil kjd;eka .kS'^110& wïn,u wdikakfha fndfyda úg fmdl=Kla o úh' ie,<sysKsfha lshk mrsos j,a wïn,u <Õ fmdl=Kla úh' fld,a,ï .iska fijk jQ bjqrla we;s tys ldka;dfjda isis,i úkafoda h' háhkg hk fldals,hd ^117& ñksiqka msyskk ;rfï úYd, .,a fmdl=Kla olS' uhQrhd ^85& yd mfrúhd ^89& olsk ud keúhd fmdl=fKa o c,l%Svd lrkafkda jQy' mhska .uka lrkakkag .x fyda ;rKhg taoËq ^md,ï& ;snqfKa h' mfrúhdg w;a;säfha^48& taoKavla yuq fõ' ;sirdgmsrsñkaf.a w;a w,a,df.k ìfhka fuka tf.dv jk ldka;djka W!refj, taoKav u; fmfkkafka h'^107& ;sirfha^36& fmd,a w;= tah" mfrúfha^113& udf;dg md,u" fldals,fha^86& je,sf;dg tah" wdosh tjeks ;j;a tajd h' fï je,sf;dg tah .,a md,uls' th f;dg.uq úydrfha kdhl ysñhka úiska uyck hym; ;ld lrjk ,oaols' uyf;dg ^udf;dg& .u miqlrk mfrúhd^113& fya ue|qrla fyj;a md,u u; ;kjk ,o wïn,ula olS' osjd ld,fha .ufkys fhoS iji tl ;eklg jk ñksiaiq ksosu; oefkk ;=re úúO foa tlsfkld iu. l;d lrñka ld,h uerSu iajdNdúl isoaêhls' je,sf;dg wïn,ug /ia jk ñksiqka tfia l;d nia lrk yeá .srdikafoaY lrejd ^111 - 165&iúia;r j olajhs' “u;a jk wìx lxid ld r¿ mr¿ w;a;k l=iqï r;a u,a lke ,d ,l=¿ .;a jk uq.=re f,<jd weo weo /jq¿ is;afuk nuk nnqrka rÕ n, hy¿”- ( .srd 105&) u;a øjH Ndú; fldg úldr lrkafkda iudcfhys ljo;a isá;s' wìx lxid jeks u;aøjH Ndú; fldg w;a;k u,a" r;a u,a wdosh me<| /jq¿ wosñka fmd¨ w;g f.k u;a lu ksid úldr lrk ck iuQyhla .ekhs .srd ikafoaY lre fï lshkafka' lsishï ld¾hhla wdrïNfhaoS iqndiqn ksñ;s .ek ie,lSu tla úYajdihls' ie,<sysKshd .ukg msg;ajkafka fyd| kel;lsks'^15& wiaúo kel; Wod ù n%yiam;S kef.kysrska u;= jk fõ,djg i| o wyi uqÿkg m;a jQ l, .uk msg;a jkakehs ¥;hdg ie,<sysKslrejd lshhs' tfia u iqj| uqiq iq<Õ;a" msreKq l<;a" ñysrs wU;a" msmqKq iqÿ u¨;a" .eyeKqkaf.a m%sh jpkh;a" rka flKaä;a" fiai;a yd i,k iqÿpdur;a" Yla;su;a we;=kq;a fmruÕ iqn ksñ;s hhs^16& ie,<sysKslrejd lshhs' ;sird foúkqjrska ksl=;a jk fõ,djg wefik oefkk we;=kaf.a l=[apkdo" wiqkaf.a fyaIdrj" ;reK fldu, .eyeKqka" iqj| u|k, iqn ksñ;s fia^23& olajd we;' wd.u yd wd.ñl wdh;k ljo;a ñksiqkaf.a ie,ls,a,g m;ajQ tajd h' ta ksid ikafoaY lrefjda tajd .ek úfYaIfhka i|yka lr;s' BYajr foúhka" uyfika foúhka" l;r.u foúhka" kd: foúhka" úNSIK foúhka wdoS fndfyda foújreka .ek o - nysrj fldaú," uqkafkiairu" ld,sfldaú, wdoS foajd, rdYshla .ek o ikafoaYj, i|yka jkafka tod tjka fndfyda foajd, rg mqrd msysá fyhsks' uÕ hk ¥;hdg tjka foajd, fmfkhs' tfia u ¥;hd mksúvh f.k f.dia foúhkag ie< lrhs' fuhska idudkH ck;dj ;=< muKla fkdj ikafoaYlrejka ;=< o mej;s foaj Nla;sh uekúka fmfka'

wd.u .ek l;d lsrSfïoS fn!oaO wd.ñl uOHia:dk fyj;a mkai,a yd msrsfjka ,xldfõ b;d jeo.;a fjhs' ikafoaY ldrfhda o fï ia:dk uy;a wNsreÑfhka j¾Kkd l< ieá meyeos,s j fmfka' ikafoaY lrejka ljqre;a mdfya fn!oaOhka ùu óg fya;=jla jkakg we;' ie,<sysKslrejd le,Ks úydrfha keu|sh hq;= ia:dk fod,ila^60 - 71& fjk fjk u olajhs' tfia u .uk wdrïN lrjkafka o o<od keu|Sfuks' ls;aisrs fï úydrfha od.aaen" uyd fndaêh yd nqÿms<suh o keu|sh hq;= ia:dk nj^42& mjihs' ls;aisrsfï úydrh uhQr^44& yd yxi^74& ikafoaYj, o keu|sh hq;= ;eka fia oelafjhs' ;sirfha^58& yd fldals,fha^79& o .srdfõ ^214"215"216& o f;dg.uq úydrh jeo.;a mQckSh ;ekla fia oelafjhs' l¿.x bjqf¾ msysá .x.d;s,l úydrh ;sir"^75"76& mfrú"^63& fldjq,a^97&a wiqkalrejkaf.a f.!rjhg md;% jQ ;ekls' ;j;a foõkqjr" fo,a.uqj" oe;s.u" fodrjl" mems<shdk wdoS fndfyda úydr ikafoaY lrejkaf.a f.!rjhg yd nyqudkhg md;% jQ ;eka h' tod mej;s wOHdmkh mkai,a flakaø lr.;a tajd fjhs' .srd ikafoaYh ^219 - 227& f;dg.uq úchnd msrsfjk;a" yxi ikafoaYh lEr., m;audj;S msrsfjk;a^172-181& úia;r jYfhka u i|yka lrhs' f;dg.uq úchnd msrsfjfka wd.ñl wOHdmkh fuka u f,!lsl wOHdmkh;a ,nd ÿka wdh;khls' lEr., m;audj;S msrsfjk jeä jYfhka fhduq jqfKa wd.ñl wOHdmkh oSughs' mkai,a yd msrsfjka .ek lshk w;r u ikafoaY lrefjda úfYaIs; uy f;rjreka .ek o i|yka lr;s' .srd ikafoaYfha tk oyï weÿre udysñfhda uqks iiqka keu;s kefjys rka l=U .ila fuka fj;s' isjq msrsisÿ is,a u n,h lr.;a fu;=fuda úkh kh;a oyï kh;a b;d fyd|ska oek.;a flfkls' oyï keu;s úÿrúfhka u ms<su¨ka merojQ flfkla fj;s' Wka jykafia weiqre lrk ysñjre o is,a iqj| úysÿjk fu;a lreKd ksid nn<kafkda fj;s' ^56 moHh& tys u ^69 moHh& oelafjk mrsos iqfka;%dfoaù msrsfjkays kdysñfhda o nqÿrÿkag m%;sm;a;sfhka mQcd lrk" úkh ms<sn| yi, oekqula we;s" isjq msrsisÿ is,aj,ska hq;a" oyï foiqfuys mis|q ysñkuls' .srd ikafoaY lrefjda úchnd msrsfjka ysñhka b;d oS¾> f,i u j¾Kkd lr;s' Wka jykafiaf.a is,aj;alu muKla fkdj úúO NdId Ydia;%hkays Wka jykafia ;=< we;s W.;alu yd yelshd o ta u.ska j¾Kkd flfrhs' ^233-247 moH& yxi ikafoaYfha o fujeks u ysñ kula j¾Kkhg ,la fj;s' ta lEr., msrsfjka ysñ jkr;k udysñfhda h' Wka jykafia fkdfhla Ydia;%hkays yi, oekqula we;s flfkl= jqj o nqÿ oyu u Wiia ;ek ,d i,lk flfkls' ^188-200 moH& yxi ikafoaYfha le,Ks fjfyr jeis nqjfklnd ysñfhda o jeKqug ,lafj;s' fldals, ikafoaYfha 82 yd 120 moHj,ska f;j<d joksiqre úchn f;rs|q o" oyïls;a udysñ flfkla o j¾Kkdjg ,la fj;s' “;=re háfhka yqKq meá f,fykqka /f.k is;= wáfhka msU weÕ msrsueo fifuk